Us of the political criminal, the criminal by passion, the insane crim-inal, the occasional criminal, the instinctive criminal, the habitual criminal, and the professional criminal. It would be difficult to de-termine what the basis of Mr. Ellis's classification is. Fold classification in 'habitual' and 'occasional' criminals, and the three- fold classification in 'habitual,' 'instinctive,' and 'occasional' criminals are regarued by him as artificial in their simplicty and quite insufficient to mark the distinct types of criminals. Legal definition of habitual criminal: one convicted of a crime who has a certain number of prior convictions for offenses of a specified kind (as felonies) and is thereby under some statutes subject to an increased penalty (as life imprisonment).

We classify crimes and Criminals to get the better understanding of the nature of crime and best ways to deal with it and develop better informed strategies to prevent the occurence of those crimes, to provide a safer environment for the state and the nation. Any classification, be it of plants, animals, or human beings, is to some extent artificial because there will always be individual characteristics or a set of characteristics which can properly be placed in more than one group. In our own attempt at classification, dealing as we often do with emotionally and mentally abnormal offenders, it is frequently difficult to distinguish between a criminal who is neurotic and one who suffers from a character disorder. Yet in spite of the shortcomings inherent in classification, we must attempt to categorize offenders if we are going to be successful in dealing with them. If we can classify them in a rational way, we can diagnose their characteristics, treat them, and predict their future behavior. However, such classification means that we will have to examine carefully each criminal to be able to find the characteristic and predominant traits that will tell us in which particular category he belongs.
A method for classifying offenders has to be based upon personal psychiatric-psychological factors, situational environmental factors, and a combination of both psychological and situational elements. Besides the personality-involvement in every criminal act and the presence of a certain situation or set of circumstances, one thing that must be taken into consideration when classifying any offender is the history of his criminal behavior. A person who commits only a single crime differs in personality make-up from one who repeats a criminal act several times or commits various crimes. The classification must reflect this, and the history of the offender’s antisocial and criminal behavior will indicate whether he should be labeled as one of the following sort:

  • An acute (Occasional) offender.
  • A chronic (habitual) offender.
  • A professional (white collar) offender.

All said and done, Laws are made by the ones in power, to prevent, and control, or criminal are usually on the immoral side of things, still doesn’t doesn’t mean always,. Countless times in history whom the law called a criminal. humanity called the leader for revolution, including​ Our Qaid Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Laskarina Bouboulina William Wallace, Tawakul Karman, Rosa Parks and a lot more. As said,

There are crimes which become innocent and even glorious through their splendor, number and excess.

Types

François de La Rochefoucauld

Occasional Criminals

The occasional criminal only performs the act if the opportunity or necessity occurs in his/her routine of daily life. Occasional criminals do not exhibit, or who exhibit in slighter degrees, the anatomical, physiological, and psychological characteristics of criminal potential. They are born without any inborn and active tendency to crime lapse into crime at an early age through the temptation of their personal condition, and of their physical and social environment, and who do not lapse into it, or do not relapse, if these temptations disappear.

Thus they commit those crimes and offences which do not indicate natural criminality, or else crimes and offences against person or property, but under personal and social conditions altogether different from those in which they are committed by born and habitual criminals. Occasional criminals are amateurs whose acts are unskilled, and unplanned, Occasional crime occurs when there is a situational inducement Frequency of occasional crime varies according to age, race, gender etc

“I came from a real tough neighborhood. Once a guy pulled a knife on me. I knew he wasn’t a professional, the knife had butter on it.”

― Rodney Dangerfield

Occasional criminals are not completely immoral or unstable people, they are good people which either the society or the law failed to protect, like if someone who know that he/she can never afford a car to care for his/her family is walking by a car and it happens to be unlocked & the person notices they might take that car stereo because he/she believes that’s​ the only opportunity he/she will ever get to own a car, but don’t mean to indulge in car stealing business, nor feel any good about having commit the act. They commit those crimes and offences which do not indicate natural criminality, or else crimes and offences against person or property, but under personal and social conditions altogether different from those in which they are committed by born and habitual criminals.

They are not subject to any type of deprived childhood, hereditary disorders, or anything of the sort, but merely through unintentional and unpremeditated circumstances.

They can be described as those who are easily manipulated and influenced to do things they wouldn’t normally do.

They could be suffer from the disease epilepsy, which is characterized by violent, uncontrollable seizures.
Habitual Criminals

A habitual criminal is a person convicted of a new crime who was previously convicted of a crime. A person who frequently has been convicted of criminal behaviour and is presumed to be a danger to society. In an attempt to protect society from such criminals, that person with persistent tendencies to commit crimes should be quarantined from society as would someone with a seriously infectious disease. This Category includes Criminals who do it out if pure evilness, addiction, psychopathia or simple pleasures of it. Like a rapists is likely do it over for the pure pleasure of feeling power over someone’s vulnerability, not out of fear, greed or need. And Drug addict, continuing the dosage with any real necessity or mentally unstable serial killer, attending the crime regardless of risks and immorality of the act for no logical reason.

Worst Criminals Of All Time

“Every society gets the kind of criminal it deserves. What is also true is that every community gets the kind of law enforcement it insists on.”

John F. Kennedy

Various state and jurisdictions may have laws targeting habitual offenders, and specifically providing for enhanced or exemplary punishments or other sanctions. They are designed to counter criminal recidivism by physical incapacitation via imprisonment. Habitual offenders may be exposed to harsher legal penalties than a first-time offender. That is, having a criminal record involving many convictions may result in greater criminal penalties than what is normally indicated in criminal statutes.

For example; A first-time DUI offense is usually a misdemeanor charge resulting in criminal fees and jail time for less than one year. However, a second or third DUI offense may be “elevated” to a felony charge, which can result in higher fees and time in prison for more than one year.

In theory, identifying and incapacitating such offenders early in their criminal careers should prevent a large number of serious crimes. In practice, however, it is difficult to devise laws that identify not just habitual offenders but all those who are likely to commit serious crimes. For example, many laws stipulate that once an individual has been convicted of three felonies, he should qualify for habitual-offender status and receive a lengthy prison term. However,

No punishment has ever possessed enough power of deterrence to prevent the commission of crimes. On the contrary, whatever the punishment, once a specific crime has appeared for the first time, its reappearance is more likely than its initial emergence could ever have been.

Hannah Arendt

Professional Criminals

crimes committed by persons for whom criminally punishable acts are a permanent occupation and the primary source of money. Persons who engage in professional crime have the skills and means necessary for criminal activity and specialize in some particular type of crime, such as theft or swindling. They are naturally good at what they do, smart enough to be slightly harder to catch, enough to make profit of it. Professional crime has its own and customs. It includes Assassins, drug mafia, robbers, con artists, terrorists etc

“He reminds me of the man who murdered both his parents, and then when the sentence was about to be pronounced, pleaded for mercy on the grounds that he was orphan.”

Abraham Lincoln

Rememberable names of evil but incredible professional criminals include Usama Bin Ladin, Aldrich Ames, Karpis gang, Bonnie and Clyde, John Herbert Dillinger and a lot more. Certain factors explains that the professional criminal is differentiated from the occasional criminal, the amateur criminal, and the unskilled criminal. Factors includes,

Occasional Criminal Vs Professional Criminal

The pursuit of crime as a regular normal occupation

Professional Criminal Definition

The development of skilled techniques

Careful planning and Status among criminals

Professionalisation extends beyond the execution of a crime. It involves prior location of spots and prior preparation for escaping punishment in case of the detection of crime. Arrangements are made in advance for bail, legal service, and fixing the case. It is in these advance arrangements, quite as much as in the technique of executing the crime, that professionalisation is found.

Occasional Criminals Vs Professional Criminals

For example, Committing robbery in a professional way involves finding a person carrying a good amount of money, ornaments, jewels, etc., locating a place for the holdup, planning the hold-up, and executing the job. Generally speaking, a professional crime is committed in a non-violent way, though sometimes it involves violence too.

The man who is admired for the ingenuity of his larceny is almost always rediscovering some earlier form of fraud. The basic forms are all known, have all been practiced. The manners of capitalism improve. The morals may not.

Occasional Criminals Cases

John Kenneth Galbraith

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